You definitely can. I started my career (15 years old) freelancing remotely. It was the perfect setup to learn and make a living. Later I got some office jobs that helped me grow faster in other aspects not technically, but the last 5 years I've been fully remote and could not ask for more. Initially my jobs were mainly local ones, currently I work for an American company and I estimate I do more $ than 99% of the software engineers in my country, even not having a diploma. I'd call it a success.

I think you could. The hardest part would be the first five years, when I think you benefit from in person learning the most. But if you found a good shop that was 100% remote and could support newer developers, I think you'd do fine.

Yes. And it is becoming increaslying easier with the amount of companies that are moving to remote working.

Only if the entire company is remote. Otherwise you will always be the "remote guy".